The need to protect particularly vulnerable groups has long been a fundamental aspect of protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, both within national legal systems and at the international level. In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of growing interest in the legal protection and full social integration of persons with physical, sensory, or mental impairments; this trend ultimately served as the starting point for this course. The analysis of the rights of persons with disabilities is anchored in the 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (and its Optional Protocol), which represents a crucial step in recognizing the rights of persons with disabilities as a legally binding category. Within the catalogue of human rights guaranteed by the Convention, special attention is paid to the effective participation and inclusion of persons with disabilities in society, respect for diversity, the acceptance of disability as part of human diversity and the human experience, and the right of children with developmental disabilities to preserve their own identity. The course examines these rights through the lens of general concepts inherent to all human rights, such as dignity, non-discrimination, and equality. A distinct section of the course is dedicated to an analysis of relevant domestic legal provisions in the Republic of Croatia and an overview of the bodies responsible for the care of persons with disabilities, with particular emphasis on recent case law.